C Tutorial Lecture#3

 

Operators and Expressions in C

Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical operations. They include:

• + (Addition)
• - (Subtraction)
• * (Multiplication)
• / (Division)
• % (Modulus)

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5;
int sum = a + b;        // sum is 15
int difference = a - b; // difference is 5
int product = a * b;    // product is 50
int quotient = a / b;   // quotient is 2
int remainder = a % b;  // remainder is 0
  

Relational Operators

Relational operators are used to compare two values. They include:

• > (Greater than)
• < (Less than)
• >= (Greater than or equal to)
• <= (Less than or equal to)
• == (Equal to)
• != (Not equal to)

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5;
bool isGreater = (a > b);  // isGreater is true
bool isEqual = (a == b);   // isEqual is false
  

Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine multiple conditions. They include:

• && (Logical AND)
• || (Logical OR)
• ! (Logical NOT)

Example:

int a = 10, b = 5, c = 15;
bool result = (a > b) && (c > a); // result is true
bool resultOr = (a > b) || (a > c); // resultOr is true
bool notResult = !(a > b); // notResult is false
  

Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators are used to perform operations on individual bits of a number. They include:

• & (Bitwise AND)
• | (Bitwise OR)
• ^ (Bitwise XOR)
• << (Left shift)
• >> (Right shift)

Example:

int a = 5, b = 3; // a = 0101, b = 0011
int andResult = a & b;  // andResult is 1 (0001)
int orResult = a | b;   // orResult is 7 (0111)
int xorResult = a ^ b;  // xorResult is 6 (0110)
int leftShift = a << 1; // leftShift is 10 (1010)
int rightShift = a >> 1; // rightShift is 2 (0010)
  

Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables. They include:

• = (Assignment)
• += (Add and assign)
• -= (Subtract and assign)
• *= (Multiply and assign)
• /= (Divide and assign)

Example:

int a = 10;
a += 5;  // a is now 15
a -= 3;  // a is now 12
a *= 2;  // a is now 24
a /= 4;  // a is now 6
  

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